Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVD)

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus is one of the most important bovine viral pathogens in the world. The complexity of the virus and its involvement in multiple bovine disease processes are only now beginning to be understood. Neutralizing antibodies for this Pestivirus have been detected in 50% to 90% of the clinically normal cattle tested in the United States. The virus is associated with

1. Bovine Respiratory Disease
2. reproductive disorders including infertility, abortion, and neonatal defects
3. enteric disorders including Bovine Viral Diarrhea, Acute Mucosal Disease and Chronic Mucosal Disease.

In addition, the newly recognized Type 2 strains of BVD have been implicated in severe disease outbreaks where the animals often show hemorrhagic symptoms and death losses approach 100% of affected animals.